OHIO — As winter weather strikes Ohio, county sheriffs and local officials may declare a snow emergency to keep residents safe and allow crews to clear roadways. These emergencies are categorized in three levels, each describing how hazardous conditions are and, in some cases, whether driving is allowed.
Level 1 — Use Caution on Hazardous Roads
At the first level, conditions are slippery and dangerous because of blowing snow, ice, or drifting. Roads may be slick and visibility reduced. Motorists are urged to drive very cautiously and only make necessary trips. This level is mainly an advisory to slow down and pay attention — there are no official travel bans yet.
Level 2 — Necessary Travel Only
Level 2 indicates more severe winter conditions. Roads are hazardous with heavy snow and ice, and only those who truly need to be out — for work, emergencies or essential errands — are advised to travel. Drivers are encouraged to check with employers about reporting to work and to seriously consider postponing non-essential plans. Though this level stops short of outright travel prohibitions, it strongly discourages unnecessary driving.
Level 3 — Roads Closed to Non-Emergency Travel
The most serious classification, Level 3, can effectively ban driving for most motorists. When a snow emergency reaches this stage, all roadways are closed to non-emergency personnel. Officials urge everyone to stay off the roads unless travel is absolutely necessary — for example, a medical emergency or essential public service work. Those who ignore the ban and drive without a valid emergency can face legal consequences, including fines or even misdemeanor charges under Ohio law.
This level is used only when conditions are so severe that travel would endanger motorists and impede plows, salt trucks, and emergency vehicles. It allows public safety crews to operate more efficiently and helps reduce accidents and stranded vehicles.
Legal Basis and Enforcement
Under Ohio Revised Code, sheriffs have authority to restrict or close normal vehicle travel during extreme weather to protect life and property. This means that during a Level 3 snow emergency, normal travel isn’t just unwise — it can be illegal, and law enforcement is empowered to enforce closures.
